Prepare vegetables: Dice the carrot, celery, and shallot. Smash the garlic cloves and set them aside.
Sauté vegetables: Heat olive oil in a Dutch oven over medium heat. Add diced carrot, celery, and shallot. Sauté for 10 minutes until softened. Add garlic and cook for 1 minute until fragrant.
Cook the meat: Add the ground beef to the pot. Season with kosher salt and black pepper. Cook for 5 minutes, breaking the meat apart with a wooden spoon, until no longer pink.
Deglaze with red wine: Pour in the red wine and scrape the bottom of the pan with the wooden spoon to release browned bits. Simmer for 5 minutes, allowing the alcohol to evaporate.
Build the sauce: Add the tomato paste, stirring until it deepens in color. Add the hand-crushed whole tomatoes with their juice, heavy cream, Italian seasoning, and bay leaf. Stir to combine.
Simmer the sauce: Reduce the heat to low and cover the pot. Let the sauce simmer for at least 30 minutes, stirring occasionally. For the best depth of flavor, cook for up to 8 hours.
Prepare pasta: While the sauce simmers, cook your pasta in a large pot of salted water until al dente. Drain and set aside.
Finish the sauce: Remove the bay leaf before serving. Taste the sauce and adjust seasoning if necessary.
Serve: Spoon the sauce over the cooked pasta. Garnish with freshly torn basil leaves and grated Parmesan cheese.